Congressional Powers

Congress holds the power to make federal laws and control national finances through enumerated powers explicitly listed in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, and implied powers from the Necessary and Proper Clause.

The Power of the Purse

Congress exclusively collects taxes and controls federal spending, funding government via authorizations and appropriations. Budget disagreements lead to government shutdowns or continuing resolutions. It also sets tariff policy amid debates over reclaiming delegated authority.

War and Military

Congress declares war via declarations or Authorizations for Use of Military Force (AUMF), though it has lost some control. It can stop wars and oversee the military, ratifies treaties, and debates blocking withdrawals.

Checking the President

The Senate confirms appointments. Congress can impeach and remove presidents or Cabinet officials, override vetoes, and conduct oversight investigations.

Foundations

Key powers include the Commerce Clause for interstate trade and Necessary and Proper Clause, plus specifics like the decennial census and Congressional Gold Medals.