Congress

Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. federal government, divided into the House of Representatives and the Senate. It holds the power to make laws, approve the federal budget, and serve as a critical check on the presidency. Understanding how Congress works—from its lawmaking procedures to its constitutional powers—is essential to understanding American democracy.

Congressional Powers and Checks on Presidential Authority

Congress wields enormous constitutional power over American life. It controls America’s wallet through the power of the purse, and can fire a president through impeachment. Congress also holds the authority to declare war, outlined in the Authorization for Use of Military Force. The Speech or Debate Clause protects members from legal liability for statements made in their official capacity. Congress also grants special honors, including the Congressional Gold Medal.

Legislative Procedures and Budget Authority

The House and Senate shape American lawmaking differently. Congress funds the federal government through the appropriations process. When Congress cannot agree on spending, three congressional procedures can end a shutdown quickly. Citizens can engage directly by learning how to contact their member of Congress.