Understanding the Key Documents for a U.S. Child’s Passport (Under 16)

Last updated 2 months ago. Our resources are updated regularly but please keep in mind that links, programs, policies, and contact information do change.

Navigating government processes can feel overwhelming, especially when it involves important documents for international travel. This guide provides a comprehensive walkthrough for U.S. parents and legal guardians applying for a passport for a child under the age of 16. The process involves specific documentation and requires an in-person appearance to ensure the child’s identity and citizenship are properly verified.

All children under 16 must apply using Form DS-11 and generally need consent from both parents. Key requirements include proving the child’s U.S. citizenship, proving the parental relationship, providing valid identification for parents or guardians, submitting a compliant passport photo, and paying the necessary fees.

Getting Started: The Roadmap for Your Child’s Passport (Under 16)

A fundamental requirement for obtaining a passport for a child under 16 is the mandatory in-person appearance of the child, accompanied by their parent(s) or legal guardian(s), at a designated Passport Acceptance Facility.

This isn’t merely a procedural step; it’s a critical security measure. Requiring the physical presence of the child and the consenting parent(s) allows the acceptance agent to verify identities against the submitted documents and observe the family interaction, adding a significant layer of protection against identity fraud and, importantly, international parental child abduction.

The journey to obtaining your child’s passport involves several key steps, outlined by the U.S. Department of State:

1. Complete Form DS-11: Fill out the application form accurately, but do not sign it until instructed by the acceptance agent.
2. Gather Proof of U.S. Citizenship: Obtain an original or certified copy of the child’s citizenship evidence, plus a photocopy.
3. Gather Proof of Parental Relationship: Secure an original or certified document proving the relationship between the child and the applying parent(s)/guardian(s), plus a photocopy if it’s not the same document used for citizenship proof.
4. Prepare Parental/Guardian Photo ID: Collect valid government-issued photo identification for the parent(s) or guardian(s) applying, along with photocopies.
5. Arrange Parental Consent Documentation: If both parents cannot attend the appointment, prepare the necessary consent forms (like Form DS-3053) or evidence of sole legal authority.
6. Obtain a Passport Photo: Get a photo of the child that meets all specific government requirements.
7. Calculate Fees: Determine the correct fees; two separate payments are required.
8. Find an Acceptance Facility: Locate a nearby Passport Acceptance Facility and check if an appointment is necessary.
9. Attend the Appointment: Submit all documents and payments in person with the child.

For the most current and detailed official information, parents should consult the U.S. Department of State’s primary webpage for children under 16.

The Application Form: Mastering the DS-11

The correct application form is the starting point for the passport process. For any child applying for their first U.S. passport who is under the age of 16, the only acceptable form is the DS-11, “Application for a U.S. Passport”. It is important not to confuse this with Form DS-82, which is used for passport renewals by eligible adults and cannot be used for children under 16.

To ensure accuracy and legibility, the Department of State strongly recommends using the online Form Filler tool, accessible via their website. This tool guides users through the questions and helps prevent common errors. If technical difficulties arise with the Form Filler, a downloadable PDF version is available to complete by hand.

Once completed, the form must be printed single-sided on standard 8.5 x 11-inch letter-sized paper. The Department of State explicitly states that double-sided forms will not be accepted and will cause processing delays.

The most critical instruction regarding Form DS-11 is this: DO NOT SIGN THE APPLICATION FORM after printing it. The child’s application must be signed by the parent(s) or guardian(s) in the presence of an authorized acceptance agent during the in-person appointment. Signing the form beforehand will invalidate it, requiring a new form to be completed.

When filling out the form, pay close attention to sections requiring parental information. Parents can also request a larger passport book with additional visa pages, at no extra cost, by checking the ‘large book’ box at the top of the DS-11 form; this is useful for families who anticipate frequent international travel.

The official source for all passport forms, including the DS-11 and the Form Filler tool, is the Department of State’s forms page.

Proving Your Child’s U.S. Citizenship: The Primary Evidence

A cornerstone of the passport application is proving the child is a U.S. citizen. This requires submitting original or certified evidence of U.S. citizenship. It’s important to note that digital versions of documents, such as mobile or electronic birth certificates, are not acceptable; physical documents are required.

The U.S. Department of State accepts several types of primary citizenship evidence for children:

Fully valid, undamaged U.S. Passport (previous)

This can be expired but must be undamaged and originally issued with full validity (typically 5 years for a child).

U.S. Birth Certificate

This is the most common form of evidence for children born in the U.S. However, it must meet specific requirements to be accepted:

• Issued by the city, county, or state of birth
• Lists the child’s full name, date of birth, and place of birth
• Lists the parent(s)’ full names
• Shows the date the certificate was filed with the registrar’s office (must be within one year of the birth date)
• Bears the registrar’s signature
• Includes the official seal or stamp of the issuing authority

These stringent criteria, particularly the requirement for the birth certificate to be filed within one year of birth, are in place to ensure the document’s authenticity and reliability as primary proof of birth in the United States. Certificates issued significantly after the birth event may face greater scrutiny, as the timely filing requirement helps prevent the possibility of fraudulent registrations.

Consular Report of Birth Abroad (CRBA) or Certification of Birth

These documents (Forms FS-240, DS-1350, or FS-545) serve as citizenship proof for children born outside the U.S. to qualifying U.S. citizen parents.

Certificate of Citizenship

Issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

In addition to the original or certified document, applicants must provide a photocopy of the citizenship evidence. This photocopy should be:

• Black and white
• Single-sided
• On standard 8.5 x 11-inch paper

The requirement for both the original document and a photocopy serves a practical purpose in the application process. The acceptance agent verifies the original document during the appointment. The photocopy is then included with the application package sent for processing and becomes part of the official record. This system allows the Department of State to return the valuable original document (like a birth certificate) directly to the applicant, reducing the risk of loss during processing. Failure to provide the required photocopy can lead to delays or the need to submit a second certified copy, which the Department of State will keep.

Parents should be aware that original documents submitted as proof of citizenship will be returned, but they are mailed separately from the new passport. It can take up to four weeks after receiving the passport to receive the returned original documents.

If the primary forms of citizenship evidence listed above are unavailable, consult the Department of State’s Citizenship Evidence page for information on secondary evidence options.

Showing Your Parental Relationship: Connecting Parent and Child

Along with proving the child’s citizenship, the applying parent(s) or legal guardian(s) must also provide documentation establishing their legal relationship to the child. This step confirms that the adults applying have the authority to do so on the child’s behalf.

Acceptable documents that demonstrate parental relationship include:

• U.S. Birth Certificate: Provided it lists the applying parent(s)
• Consular Report of Birth Abroad (CRBA): Provided it lists the applying parent(s)
• Foreign Birth Certificate: An official translation must be included if the document is not in English
• Adoption Decree: Listing the applying parent(s)
• Divorce or Custody Decree: Establishing custody or guardianship
• Court Order: Establishing custody or guardianship

Conveniently, certain documents can fulfill two requirements simultaneously. For example, a U.S. birth certificate that meets the citizenship evidence criteria and lists the applying parent(s)’ names can serve as proof of both citizenship and parental relationship.

If a parent’s current legal name is different from the name listed on the document proving the parental relationship (e.g., due to marriage, divorce, or another legal name change), proof of that legal name change must also be submitted. This can typically be shown with an original or certified copy of a marriage certificate, divorce decree, or court-ordered name change document.

It is crucial to submit originals or certified copies of the documents proving parental relationship. The best practice is to bring the original or certified copy for inspection and a clear photocopy (black and white, single-sided, 8.5×11 inch) to be submitted with the application package.

Parental Identification: Proving Who You Are

When applying for a child’s passport in person, all parents or legal guardians who are present must provide valid government-issued photo identification to the acceptance agent. This allows the agent to confirm the identity of the adults consenting to the passport issuance.

Primary forms of acceptable identification include:

• Valid or expired, undamaged U.S. passport book or passport card
• In-state, fully valid driver’s license or enhanced driver’s license with photo (Note: temporary or learner’s permits may require additional ID)
• Certificate of Naturalization
• Certificate of Citizenship
• Government employee ID (city, county, state, or federal)
• U.S. military ID or military dependent ID
• Current (valid) foreign passport
• U.S. Permanent Resident Card (Green Card) – acceptable when presented by a parent applying for their U.S. citizen child
• Matricula Consular (Mexican Consular ID) – acceptable when presented by a parent applying for their U.S. citizen child
• Trusted Traveler IDs (valid Global Entry, FAST, SENTRI, NEXUS cards)
• Enhanced Tribal Card or Native American tribal photo ID

If a parent presents certain types of identification, such as an out-of-state driver’s license or a temporary ID card, the acceptance agent may request additional supporting identification documents.

Similar to the citizenship evidence, parents must also provide clear photocopies of the front and back of their identification documents. These photocopies should be:

• Black and white
• Single-sided
• On standard 8.5 x 11-inch paper

The acceptance agent will review the original IDs and retain the photocopies for the application file. For detailed information on identification requirements, consult the Apply in Person page.

Parental Consent: The Two-Parent Signature Rule (and Exceptions)

A critical aspect of obtaining a passport for a child under 16 is demonstrating parental consent. U.S. law and regulations generally require the consent of both parents or the child’s legal guardian(s) for a passport to be issued. This two-parent consent rule is a fundamental safeguard designed primarily to prevent international parental child abduction, ensuring one parent cannot obtain a passport for the child without the other parent’s knowledge or permission, reflecting a legal presumption of shared parental rights unless legally determined otherwise.

There are several scenarios for demonstrating consent:

Scenario 1: Both Parents/Guardians Attend the Appointment

This is the most straightforward method. Both parents or legal guardians appear in person with the child at the acceptance facility. They present their valid photo IDs, and both sign Form DS-11 in front of the acceptance agent.

Scenario 2: One Parent/Guardian Cannot Attend

If one parent or guardian cannot be present at the appointment, they must provide their consent through Form DS-3053 “Statement of Consent: Issuance of a U.S. Passport to a Child”.

DS-3053 Requirements:

• This form must be completed, signed, and dated by the non-applying parent in the presence of a certified notary public
• The completed and notarized DS-3053 form must then be submitted along with the child’s DS-11 application
• Crucially, a photocopy (front and back) of the same government-issued photo ID that the non-applying parent presented to the notary must accompany the DS-3053 form
• The DS-3053 form is generally considered valid for 90 days from the date of notarization

The notarization requirement adds a layer of complexity. The absent parent must locate a notary public (often found at banks, libraries, shipping centers, or law offices), present their valid ID, sign the form before the notary, potentially pay a notary fee, and then ensure the original, notarized DS-3053 form and the copy of their ID reach the applying parent before the passport appointment. This requires planning and coordination, especially if parents live in different locations. While some states may permit electronic or remote notarization, a printed copy of the notarized document is still typically required for the passport application.

For parents deployed by the military, a notarized DS-3053 is usually the appropriate method for providing consent.

Scenario 3: One Parent has Sole Legal Authority

If one parent or guardian has sole legal authority to apply for the child’s passport, they must appear in person and submit evidence of that authority along with the DS-11 application. Examples of acceptable evidence include:

• A court order explicitly granting the applying parent sole legal custody or specifically permitting that parent to apply for the child’s passport
• The child’s U.S. or foreign birth certificate, or Consular Report of Birth Abroad, listing only the applying parent
• An adoption decree listing only the applying parent
• A judicial declaration of incompetence of the non-applying parent
• The death certificate of the non-applying parent

Scenario 4: Cannot Locate Other Parent or Special Family Circumstances

In limited and specific situations where one parent or guardian cannot locate the other parent after diligent effort, the applying parent may submit Form DS-5525 “Statement of Exigent/Special Family Circumstances”.

This form requires a detailed written explanation of the circumstances preventing the absent parent’s consent and a thorough description of the efforts made to contact that parent.

Submitting Form DS-5525 does not guarantee passport issuance; the decision is made on a case-by-case basis by the Department of State. This form represents a higher burden of proof than the DS-3053, requiring justification for why standard consent methods are impossible and demonstrating due diligence in trying to involve the other parent. It provides a pathway in complex family situations while still prioritizing the child’s welfare.

In complex custody situations, the Department of State reserves the right to request additional documentation, such as complete custody orders or restraining orders, to ensure compliance with the law and protect against potential abduction.

The Perfect Passport Photo: Rules for Kids (and Babies!)

A compliant passport photo is essential for the application. The photo must meet specific technical requirements to be accepted:

Basic Photo Requirements

• Recency and Color: Must be in color and taken within the last 6 months to reflect the child’s current appearance
• Size: Exactly 2 x 2 inches (51 x 51 mm)
• Head Size: The child’s head, measured from the bottom of the chin to the top of the head (including hair), must be between 1 inch and 1 3/8 inches (25 mm – 35 mm)
• Background: Must be plain white or off-white, with no shadows, patterns, textures, or lines
• Quality: High-resolution image, clear and in focus, without blurriness, graininess, or pixelation. Printed on matte or glossy photo-quality paper. Damaged photos (creases, holes, smudges) are unacceptable
• No Digital Alterations: Photos cannot be digitally enhanced, changed, or retouched using computer software, phone apps, filters, or artificial intelligence. Scanned photos or photocopies are not allowed
• Pose and Expression: Child must face the camera directly with their full face in view. They should have a neutral facial expression or a slight, natural smile with the mouth closed. Both eyes must be open (with exceptions for infants, see below)

Specific Rules for Attire and Accessories

• Clothing: Wear normal daily clothing. Uniforms (unless part of daily religious attire), clothing that resembles a uniform, or camouflage attire are not permitted
• Hats/Head Coverings: No hats or head coverings are allowed unless worn daily for religious or medical purposes. If worn for religious reasons, a signed statement confirming this must be submitted. If for medical reasons, a signed doctor’s statement is required. In either case, the covering must not obscure the hairline or cast shadows on the face, and the full face must be visible
• Eyeglasses: This is a strict rule: Eyeglasses are NOT allowed in passport photos. This rule has been in effect since November 1, 2016. The only exception is if glasses cannot be removed for documented medical reasons (e.g., recent eye surgery). In such rare cases, a signed statement from a doctor must be submitted with the application. Even if medically necessary, the frames must not cover the eyes, and there must be no glare or shadows obscuring the eyes
• Other Items: Headphones, wireless hands-free devices, or similar items are not permitted. Jewelry and facial piercings are acceptable as long as they do not hide the face

Special Considerations for Infants and Toddlers

Taking a compliant photo of an infant or toddler can be challenging, so the Department of State provides specific guidance and slight exceptions:

• Eyes: It is acceptable if an infant’s eyes are not entirely open or not looking directly at the camera. However, for all other children, their eyes must be open and facing forward
• Background and Support: The easiest way to achieve the required plain white or off-white background is to lay the baby on their back on a plain white or off-white sheet. This also provides support. Alternatively, cover an infant car seat with a plain white or off-white sheet and place the baby in the seat for the photo. These methods help meet the background requirement and support the baby without violating the rule against other people or objects being visible in the photo
• Shadows: Care must be taken to ensure there are no shadows on the baby’s face, which can be tricky when shooting from above or using direct lighting
• No Visible Support: No one else should be in the photo. A parent’s hands holding or supporting the child must not be visible in the frame

These specific tips acknowledge the practical difficulties of photographing infants while maintaining necessary standards for identification.

Where to Get Photos

Photos can be obtained from several sources:

• Some Passport Acceptance Facilities offer photo services (check beforehand)
• Commercial photo service providers (e.g., pharmacies, shipping centers, photo studios)
• Taken at home by a friend or family member, provided all requirements (size, background, lighting, pose, print quality, etc.) are strictly met

For comprehensive photo guidelines and examples, visit the official Passport Photos page.

Submitting the Application: The Final Steps

With all the documents gathered and the form completed (but unsigned!), the final step is submitting the application package.

Where to Apply

As previously emphasized, applications for children under 16 using Form DS-11 must be submitted in person at a designated Passport Acceptance Facility. There are thousands of these facilities across the country, often located in post offices, public libraries, or county/municipal clerk’s offices.

To find a convenient location, use the official Passport Acceptance Facility Search Tool. This tool allows searching by zip code, city, or state and can filter results to show facilities that offer on-site photo services.

Many acceptance facilities require appointments, so it is essential to contact the chosen facility beforehand to confirm their procedures and hours. Some facilities may also host special passport acceptance fairs on evenings or weekends, offering additional opportunities to apply.

It’s important to distinguish Acceptance Facilities from the regional Passport Agencies. Acceptance Facilities handle routine and expedited submissions of Form DS-11. Passport Agencies are primarily for customers with urgent international travel needs (within 14 days) and require proof of travel and a confirmed appointment booked directly with the National Passport Information Center or online.

Fees: Two Separate Payments

A common point of confusion is the fee structure. When applying with Form DS-11, two separate payments are required:

• Application Fee: This fee is paid directly to the “U.S. Department of State”. Payment is typically made by check (personal, certified, cashier’s, traveler’s) or money order. Credit cards are generally not accepted for this fee at acceptance facilities. Write the child’s full name and date of birth on the memo line of the check or money order.
• Execution (Acceptance) Fee: This $35 fee is paid directly to the Acceptance Facility where the application is submitted. Each facility has its own accepted forms of payment for this fee (some may accept credit cards, cash, checks, or money orders), so applicants must check with the specific facility beforehand.

Passport Fees for Child Under 16

Optional Fees: If faster processing or delivery is needed, additional fees can be paid. These fees are added to the Application Fee payable to the U.S. Department of State:

• Expedited Service: $60 per application. This speeds up the processing time at the passport agency/center.
• 1-2 Day Delivery: $21.36 per application. This covers the cost of sending the completed passport book back via overnight delivery after it has been printed. This service is not available for passport cards, which are always sent via First Class Mail.

For a full list of fees and payment details, visit the official Passport Fees page.

Processing Times

It’s crucial to understand how long it takes to receive the passport. The Department of State provides estimated processing times, which can fluctuate based on demand. As of the latest updates reflected in the source material, the estimates are:

• Routine Service: 4 to 6 weeks
• Expedited Service: 2 to 3 weeks (requires the $60 fee)
• Urgent Travel Service: For international travel within 14 calendar days (or 28 days if a visa is needed). Requires an appointment at a Passport Agency, not an acceptance facility

Critical Consideration – Total Turnaround Time: The published processing times (e.g., 4-6 weeks) do not include mailing times. These times begin only when the application arrives at a passport agency or center for processing, not the day it’s submitted at the acceptance facility. Mailing time can add significant delays: it may take up to 2 weeks for the application to travel from the acceptance facility to the processing center, and another 2 weeks for the completed passport to be mailed back to the applicant.

Therefore, applicants must factor this in: Processing Time + Mailing Times (up to 4 weeks total) = Total Time to Receive Passport. Underestimating this total time is a common reason for travel plans being disrupted. Plan accordingly, especially if applying with routine service.

Check the current official processing times directly, as they are subject to change: Passport Processing Times.

Application Appointment Checklist

Before heading to the acceptance facility appointment, use this checklist to ensure all necessary items are ready:

Gathering the correct documents and understanding the process steps can make obtaining a child’s passport a manageable task. By carefully following the guidelines and utilizing the official resources provided by the U.S. Department of State, parents can successfully navigate the application process.

Our articles make government information more accessible. Please consult a qualified professional for financial, legal, or health advice specific to your circumstances.