Economic Statecraft

Economic statecraft is the use of economic tools—rather than military force—to advance foreign policy and national security goals. The U.S. employs sanctions, tariffs, export controls, and trade agreements to shape other nations’ behavior and protect interests.

Sanctions and Trade Pressure

Sanctions impose targeted restrictions on trade, finance, and investment to pressure adversaries. Explore how U.S. sanctions work across agencies, the legal authority behind the toolkit, and if they achieve goals. Examples include Venezuela’s oil embargo and actions against Iranian officials.

Tariffs and Presidential Authority

Tariffs serve as key tools amid expanding presidential power. See how authority grew via the 1977 law. Importers can file refunds if challenged, even if ruled unconstitutional.

Export Controls and Constraints

Export controls safeguard technology in sectors like commercial space. Legal limits include the Supreme Court’s major questions doctrine, leaving billions in tariffs in limbo.