DoD Child and Youth Services (CYS): A Complete Guide for Military Families

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Last updated 3 days ago. Our resources are updated regularly but please keep in mind that links, programs, policies, and contact information do change.

Military families face unique challenges, especially when it comes to childcare and youth development. The Department of Defense (DoD) Child and Youth Services (CYS) provides a comprehensive system designed specifically to address these needs.

CYS is more than just childcare—it’s an extensive network of programs fostering healthy child and youth development, enhancing family stability, and contributing to military readiness. These programs serve children from infancy through adolescence, typically covering birth to 18 years.

Mission and Structure

Core Mission

The fundamental mission of DoD Child and Youth Services is to support military readiness by reducing conflicts between mission requirements and parental responsibilities. CYS programs contribute to force readiness and quality of life for military families by advancing the well-being of service members, their families, and other eligible community members.

This mission is built on four key pillars, known as QAAA:

  • QUALITY: Providing high-quality, developmentally appropriate programs that nurture children’s growth across multiple domains (social, cognitive, emotional, physical, intellectual)
  • AVAILABILITY: Ensuring child care options and youth programs are accessible when and where needed
  • AFFORDABILITY: Offering programs at manageable costs for military families, with fees calculated based on total family income
  • ACCOUNTABILITY: Maintaining responsibility for program actions, outputs, and adherence to established standards

While operating under the DoD framework, individual military branches (Army CYS, Navy CYP, Air Force/Space Force CYP, and Marine Corps CYP) manage their specific programs, tailoring offerings to their service culture while following core DoD standards.

Supporting Military Readiness

The connection between CYS and military readiness is direct and intentional. By providing reliable, high-quality child care and youth supervision, CYS enables service members—including those in dual-military couples or single-parent households—to focus on their duties, participate in training, deploy, and meet mission requirements with greater peace of mind.

Beyond directly impacting service member availability, CYS significantly contributes to overall family well-being, resilience, and stability. These factors are crucial for military retention and morale. The continuity of programming across installations also eases transitions for mobile military families.

Organization and Scale

Oversight for CYS originates at the highest levels of DoD. The Office of Military Community and Family Policy (MC&FP), under the Office of the Secretary of Defense, establishes quality-of-life policies and programs supporting service members and their families, including CYS.

Within MC&FP, the Child & Youth Programs (CYP) directorate sets policy and provides oversight for all CYS components:

  • Child Development Centers (CDCs)
  • Family Child Care (FCC) homes
  • School Age Care (SAC)
  • Youth Programs (YP)
  • School Liaison program

The DoD runs the largest employer-sponsored child care system in the United States, providing care to over 160,000 children from birth through age 12 daily. This integrated system includes approximately:

  • 510 CDCs
  • 251 SAC programs
  • 725 certified FCC homes
  • Robust fee assistance programs for community-based care

The Army’s CYS alone serves over 200,000 children globally with a staff of around 11,000 professionals. This vast network functions as an integrated system operating worldwide, providing consistency for military families who frequently relocate.

Types of CYS Programs

CYS offers diverse programs designed to meet the needs of military families with children of different ages and varying schedule requirements.

Child Development Centers (CDCs)

  • Target Age: Primarily infants and young children, typically from 6 weeks to 5 years or kindergarten entry
  • Setting: Facility-based centers located directly on military installations
  • Services: Full-day care (often 50+ hours per week), part-day preschool programs, and hourly care when available. Typically operate Monday through Friday during standard work hours (e.g., 6 a.m. to 6 p.m.), with some locations offering extended hours
  • Focus: Structured, developmental care within nationally accredited environments. Create learning environments encouraging motor, cognitive, social, and emotional skills through age-appropriate activities

Family Child Care (FCC) Homes

  • Target Age: Broader age range, often from 4 weeks (sometimes as young as 2 weeks) up to 12 years
  • Setting: Care provided within certified provider’s residence, located in government-owned, government-leased, or privatized military housing on or sometimes off the installation
  • Services: Known for flexibility in scheduling. Options may include full-day, part-day, hourly care, before/after-school care, care during school breaks and summer, weekend care, overnight/extended hours, 24/7 care (in some locations), respite care, and care during emergencies or deployments
  • Focus: Smaller group, home-like setting. Regulations limit children in care (typically no more than six children under age 8, with a limit of two children under age 2). Despite the home setting, FCC providers must meet the same DoD certification standards as CDCs and implement similar developmental programs

School-Age Care (SAC)

  • Target Age: Children enrolled in kindergarten through 6th or 7th grade, generally ages 5-12 years
  • Setting: Facility-based care, often co-located within installation Youth Centers, but sometimes in dedicated SAC facilities or CDCs
  • Services: Care during times when school is not in session, including before-school care, after-school care, school holidays, teacher work days, and full-day programming during summer vacations and extended breaks. Some programs offer transportation to and from local schools
  • Focus: Safe, supervised environment with activities complementing the school day. Activities include homework assistance (“Power Hour”), tutoring, computer labs, arts and crafts, recreational games, sports, and field trips. Many SAC programs partner with Boys & Girls Clubs of America (BGCA) and 4-H

Youth Programs (YP)

  • Target Age: Older children and teenagers, often grades 6-12 (approximately ages 11-18). Some activities may be open to younger children depending on the installation
  • Setting: Dedicated Youth Centers or Teen Centers located on the installation, often featuring amenities like gyms, game rooms, computer labs, music rooms, lounges, and outdoor spaces
  • Services: A broad spectrum of activities including:
    • Recreation: Open recreation time, game rooms, lounges, social events, field trips
    • Sports & Fitness: Organized sports leagues, fitness activities, health and wellness programs
    • Instructional Classes: Arts, music, dance, martial arts, cooking, financial management, certified babysitting courses
    • Academic & Career: Homework help, computer labs, STEM activities, college preparation, career exploration, youth employment support
    • Leadership & Citizenship: Leadership development (BGCA Keystone and Torch Clubs), character building, community service projects
    • Transition Support: Youth Sponsorship Programs connecting new arrivals with peers
  • Focus: Supporting successful transition from childhood through adolescence into adulthood. Building resilience, life skills, leadership abilities, and coping mechanisms while providing a safe place for youth to socialize, develop interests, and connect with their community

Comparison of Core CYS Program Types

Program TypeTypical Age RangeSettingTypical Hours/SchedulePrimary Focus/Services
Child Development Center (CDC)6 weeks – 5 years (Pre-K)On-Installation CenterMon-Fri, Standard Work Hours; Full-day, Part-day, HourlyStructured developmental care, early learning curriculum (e.g., ELM), socialization, school readiness, meals included
Family Child Care (FCC)4 weeks – 12 yearsCertified Provider’s HomeFlexible; Full/Part-day, Hourly, Extended/Weekend/24/7 possibleHome-like setting, smaller groups, flexible schedules, developmental activities aligned with DoD standards
School-Age Care (SAC)Kindergarten – 6th/7th Grade (Ages 5/6-12)Youth Center / SAC FacilityBefore/After School, School Holidays, Summer CampsSupervised care outside school hours, homework help, recreation, arts & crafts, BGCA/4-H programs, STEM
Youth Programs (YP)Grades 6-12 (Ages 11-18) (sometimes younger)Youth/Teen CenterAfter School, Weekends, Summer; Open Rec & Scheduled Prog.Positive youth development, leadership, life skills, sports, arts, STEM, college/career prep, social events, Youth Sponsorship, BGCA/4-H affiliations

Other CYS Offerings

Beyond core care programs, CYS includes other vital support services:

  • School Liaison Officers (SLOs): Professionals bridging military families, local school districts, and installation command. They provide expertise on K-12 educational issues, assist with school transitions during PCS moves, advocate for military children’s educational needs, and connect families with resources.
  • Parent & Outreach Services: Centralized offices handling CYS registration, enrollment, transfer of records between installations, parent education classes, and teen babysitter training and referral lists.
  • Specialized Care Options: Including respite care for families in the Exceptional Family Member Program (EFMP) or experiencing deployment stress; dedicated 24/7 Care Centers for shift workers; care during specific military requirements like drills or unit events; and occasional social opportunities like Parent’s Night Out.

Eligibility and Priority

Access to CYS programs involves understanding both eligibility (who can use the services) and priority (the order in which families are offered available spaces).

Eligible Sponsors

Eligibility is primarily determined by the sponsor’s status. Generally eligible sponsor categories include:

  • Active Duty Military personnel (all branches)
  • Guard and Reserve Component military personnel on active duty or during inactive duty training
  • DoD Civilian employees (Appropriated Funds and Non-Appropriated Funds)
  • Coast Guard active duty members and civilian employees
  • DoD Contractors working on the installation
  • Active Duty Combat-Related Wounded Warriors requiring significant care or rehabilitation
  • Child Development Program (CYS) Staff

Other groups may be eligible on a space-available basis or for specific programs:

  • Other Federal Employees working on the installation
  • Military Retirees (typically eligible for Youth Programs, Sports & Fitness, but not subsidized regular CDC/SAC care)
  • Gold Star Spouses (Combat-Related)
  • Deactivated Guard/Reserve Personnel or those in inactive training status

For children of unmarried, legally separated, or divorced parents with joint custody, eligibility often requires the child to reside with the eligible sponsor for a minimum percentage of time (e.g., at least 25% of the month care is received).

Priority System

While many personnel categories are eligible for CYS, access to limited spots is governed by a DoD-wide priority system. This system ensures spaces are allocated based on factors directly related to supporting military readiness. Priority combines the sponsor’s category with the spouse’s employment or student status.

The priority framework generally flows as follows (with Priority 1 being highest):

Priority 1: Families whose child care needs most directly impact mission readiness.

  • Child Development Program Staff (Priority 1A)
  • Single military members and dual-military couples (Active Duty, Coast Guard, Guard/Reserve on Active Duty)
  • Active Duty Combat-Related Wounded Warriors needing care
  • Military members with a spouse employed full-time (30+ hours/week or 100+ hours/month)
  • Military members with a spouse employed part-time or actively seeking employment
  • Military members with a spouse enrolled full-time in post-secondary education

Priority 2: Typically includes DoD and Coast Guard civilian employees.

  • Single/Dual DoD/Coast Guard Civilians
  • DoD/Coast Guard Civilians with a full-time working spouse

Priority 3 (Space Available): Families who are eligible but have lower priority for subsidized care.

  • Active Duty Military/Coast Guard or Guard/Reserve on Active Duty with a non-working spouse
  • DoD/Coast Guard Civilians with a spouse who is seeking employment, a full-time student, part-time working, or non-working
  • Gold Star Spouses (Combat-Related)
  • DoD Contractors and spouses with various employment statuses
  • Deactivated Guard/Reserve Personnel or Inactive Guard/Reserve in training status
  • Other Federal Employees
  • Military Retirees

This priority structure reflects the CYS mission focus. It’s not first-come, first-served, but a strategic allocation based on perceived impact of child care needs on the sponsor’s ability to perform military duties.

A family’s priority can change if a spouse’s employment or student status changes. This highlights the importance of maintaining an updated profile on MilitaryChildCare.com and communicating with CYS Parent Central Services.

DoD policy permits installations to disenroll lower-priority families already receiving care if a space is required for a newly arriving or waiting higher-priority family.

Finding and Registering for CYS Programs

Navigating the process of accessing CYS programs involves several steps, from locating available options to understanding the fee structure.

Locating CYS Programs

Families can identify programs and services through several channels:

Installation-Level Resources:

  • CYS office, typically called Parent Central Services or Resource & Referral
  • Military and Family Support Centers (MFSCs) or equivalent service branch offices
  • Installation-specific websites hosted under platforms like Army MWR, Navy MWR/Fleet Readiness, Air Force FSS, or Marine Corps MCCS

DoD-Wide Online Tools:

  • Military OneSource: Comprehensive website and call center (800-342-9647) serving as a central information and referral service
  • MilitaryChildCare.com (MCC): Official DoD portal for finding and requesting military-operated and military-subsidized child care

Using MilitaryChildCare.com

MilitaryChildCare.com is the single gateway for all military families seeking care in CDCs, FCC homes, or SAC programs, as well as for applying for MCCYN fee assistance for community care, anywhere in the world.

The platform allows families to:

  • Create a secure household account and profile
  • Search for care options based on location, child’s age, and type of care needed
  • View detailed program information, potentially including hours, services, and DoD inspection reports
  • Submit requests for care, placing children on waiting lists for desired programs
  • Manage existing requests and update family profile information

Using MCC is generally the required first step in obtaining CYS care. After submitting requests, families must wait to receive an offer via email, which occurs when a space matching their request becomes available and their priority status makes them next in line.

This centralized system allows families to search for care at future duty stations in advance. However, high demand for affordable, quality military child care means waiting lists are common at many installations.

Registration Process

Once a family receives and accepts an offer through MCC, the process moves to the installation level. The family will work directly with the specific CYS program or the installation’s Parent Central Services office to complete formal enrollment.

This typically involves submitting a comprehensive registration packet containing:

  • Proof of eligibility (military ID, orders)
  • Income verification documents to determine the correct fee category based on Total Family Income (TFI)
  • Child’s health assessment/physical examination records
  • Up-to-date immunization records
  • Emergency contact information and consent forms
  • Information regarding any special needs (medical, developmental, dietary)

Specific document requirements can vary by installation, so families should confirm details with the local CYS office.

Fee Structure and Total Family Income (TFI)

Fees for regularly scheduled CYS programs are standardized across DoD and based on the family’s calculated Total Family Income (TFI), not on the sponsor’s military rank or civilian grade. Hourly care options typically have a set rate regardless of TFI.

Calculating TFI: TFI includes all earned income for the sponsor, their spouse, and other adults in the household who financially contribute to the child’s welfare. Key components include:

  • Wages, salaries, tips, bonuses
  • Long-term disability benefits
  • Voluntary salary deferrals (e.g., Thrift Savings Plan contributions)
  • Basic Allowance for Housing (BAH) or value of in-kind housing
  • Basic Allowance for Subsistence (BAS)
  • Special duty pays (e.g., flight pay, sea pay)

Certain income sources are excluded from TFI calculation:

  • Alimony and child support payments received
  • Supplemental Security Income (SSI) for a dependent child
  • Reimbursements for educational expenses or health/wellness benefits
  • Cost of Living Allowances (COLA) in high-cost overseas locations
  • Temporary deployment-related allowances such as Family Separation Allowance (FSA), Hardship Duty Pay (HDP), and Imminent Danger Pay (IDP)/Hostile Fire Pay (HFP)

Fee Categories: Families are placed into one of currently 11 TFI categories based on calculated annual income. The DoD sets fee rates for each category annually. For the 2023-2024 school year, responding to Executive Order 14095, DoD implemented significant adjustments to the TFI ranges and fee structure, reducing the number of categories and modifying fee percentages to make care more affordable for families in lower TFI categories.

Families verify their TFI annually using documentation (LES, W-2s) submitted via DD Form 2652.

Standard fees for full-time care typically cover a minimum of 50 hours of care per week and include USDA-approved meals and snacks. Payments are often handled through payroll deduction or other established installation procedures.

Fee Assistance and Subsidies

DoD offers several fee assistance and subsidy programs:

Military Child Care in Your Neighborhood (MCCYN & MCCYN-PLUS): The primary DoD fee assistance program for families who cannot access on-installation care due to waitlists or geographic distance. Administered by Child Care Aware® of America, MCCYN helps offset the cost of child care from qualified civilian programs. The program pays a portion of the provider’s tuition directly, making the family’s out-of-pocket expense comparable to what they would pay for on-installation care based on their TFI category.

Child Care in Your Home (CCYH): This pilot program is for families requiring full-time child care within their own home, often due to non-traditional work schedules. Families find, hire, and pay their in-home provider, with the program providing fee assistance if the caregiver meets DoD requirements.

Service-Specific Assistance: Individual branches may offer additional targeted assistance, such as:

  • Air Force Aid Society’s “Give Parents a Break” (free monthly respite care)
  • Air Force’s “Child Care for PCS Moves” (free FCC care during relocation)
  • Navy Weekend Drill Child Care for reservists
  • EFMP Respite Care for families with children having special needs

Family Child Care (FCC) Subsidies: Some installations offer subsidies within the FCC program, allowing certain certified providers to charge lower fees.

Online Caregiver Search Tool: Military OneSource provides free access to a national subscription-based online database to help families find hourly, flexible, or on-demand caregivers like babysitters or nannies.

Quality and Safety in CYS Programs

DoD places high priority on ensuring all CYS programs provide safe, healthy, and developmentally enriching environments. This commitment is upheld through certification, inspections, accreditation, and staff requirements.

DoD Certification

The foundation of quality assurance is the mandatory DoD Certification process. All military-operated programs and FCC providers in government housing must obtain and maintain a DoD Certificate to Operate. This certification verifies compliance with comprehensive regulations governing:

  • Health, sanitation, and nutrition practices
  • Fire prevention and safety standards
  • Physical environment requirements
  • Developmentally appropriate programming
  • Child abuse prevention and reporting procedures
  • Staff-to-child ratios and group sizes
  • Staff qualifications and training
  • Parent communication policies
  • Guidance and discipline techniques
  • Inclusion practices for children with special needs

DoD standards are often more rigorous than minimum state licensing requirements.

Rigorous Inspections

CYS programs undergo frequent and thorough inspections, many unannounced:

  • Frequent Unannounced Visits: At least four unannounced inspections annually for facility-based programs
  • Annual Comprehensive Inspections: Detailed reviews covering fire safety, health and sanitation, and preventative medicine
  • Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) Inspections: Reviews involving representatives from various installation support functions and a parent representative
  • Higher Headquarters Inspections: Periodic inspections by military service headquarters representatives
  • FCC Home Monitoring: Initial and annual safety inspections, plus monthly monitoring visits

Program inspection reports may be accessible to parents via MilitaryChildCare.com.

National Accreditation

Beyond DoD certification, facility-based child development and school-age care programs must achieve and maintain accreditation from nationally recognized professional organizations. Key accrediting bodies include:

  • National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC): The predominant accrediting body for CDCs serving children from birth through age 5
  • Council on Accreditation (COA): Frequently used for SAC programs and Youth Programs
  • National Association for Family Child Care (NAFCC): Provides accreditation specifically for Family Child Care homes
  • Other Recognized Bodies: Including National Early Childhood Program Accreditation (NECPA), National Accreditation Commission (NAC), or Cognia

The accreditation process involves intensive self-study against standards, documentation of practices, implementation of improvements, and external review by trained assessors.

Staff Qualifications and Background Checks

The quality of CYS programs relies heavily on staff competence and suitability:

Qualifications: CYS positions have defined requirements. Entry-level positions typically require a high school diploma or GED. Advancement requires additional qualifications such as relevant college coursework, degrees in early childhood education, or professional certifications.

Comprehensive Training: All staff undergo extensive initial and ongoing annual training on child development, curriculum implementation, positive guidance, health and safety procedures, child abuse prevention, working with families, and inclusion practices.

Rigorous Background Checks: DoD mandates comprehensive background checks for all individuals with regular contact with children, including:

  • FBI fingerprint checks against national criminal databases
  • State Criminal History Repository checks
  • Installation Records Checks covering local military law enforcement
  • Tier 1 investigation for DoD civilian employees and contractors

These checks occur before unsupervised access to children and require periodic reinvestigation. Strict suitability criteria apply, with certain criminal convictions automatically disqualifying individuals from CYS work.

Curriculum and Daily Life

CYS programs utilize specific curricula and focus on holistic child development.

Curriculum Approaches

Programs ground their educational approach in Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP), tailoring activities to specific age groups and individual needs. They implement established curricula:

  • Early Learning Matters (ELM): Widely used in DoD CDCs for children from birth to five years. Focuses on school readiness skills across key developmental domains (Communication/Language, Cognitive, Social/Emotional, Physical/Health, Self-Regulation, Math, Science, Literacy, Arts).
  • Creative Curriculum: Another research-based curriculum sometimes used in CDCs, focusing on DAP and kindergarten preparation.
  • Boys & Girls Clubs of America (BGCA) and 4-H: Provide programmatic frameworks for SAC and Youth Programs, focusing on:
    • Health and Wellness
    • Character and Leadership Development
    • The Arts
    • Education and Career Development
    • Sports, Fitness, and Recreation

Using standardized curricula across installations offers consistency in learning environments for mobile military families, helping ease transitions and support continuous development.

CYS programs emphasize play-based learning, especially for younger children, recognizing that children learn best through active exploration, hands-on experiences, and meaningful interactions.

Typical Daily Activities

Activities vary by program type and age group:

Child Development Centers (CDCs): Days blend structured and unstructured activities promoting development across all domains. Children engage with materials in learning centers, participate in arts and crafts, sensory exploration, music and movement, and have opportunities for indoor and outdoor play. Routines like meals and rest time provide structure.

Family Child Care (FCC): Daily life mirrors CDC developmental goals but within a smaller group and home environment. Routines may be more flexible, adapting to the specific needs of children present and the provider’s family life.

School-Age Care (SAC): Programs operate during out-of-school hours. Before-school care might involve breakfast and quiet activities. After-school programming typically includes snacks, homework time, and recreational choices ranging from sports to arts and crafts. Full-day programs during school breaks offer themed activities, special events, and field trips.

Youth Programs (YP): Daily life features choice and variety. Teens might use open recreation facilities, participate in scheduled programs and clubs, sports, instructional classes, leadership groups, homework help, or special events like dances and field trips.

A key enhancement is CYS’s partnership with organizations like Boys & Girls Clubs of America and 4-H, bringing proven program models, specialized curricula, staff training resources, and access to national events.

Developmental Focus Areas

CYS activities are designed to support children’s holistic development:

  • Social-Emotional Development: Fostering positive relationships, building self-esteem and self-confidence, learning self-regulation, understanding diversity, and building resilience.
  • Cognitive Development: Promoting curiosity, critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and foundational knowledge in areas like literacy, mathematics, science, and social studies.
  • Language and Literacy Development: Encouraging expressive and receptive language skills, fostering a love of reading, and supporting early writing efforts.
  • Physical Development and Health: Supporting gross and fine motor skills, promoting physical fitness, and encouraging healthy lifestyle choices.
  • Life Skills and Character Development: Cultivating independence, responsibility, decision-making abilities, good citizenship, leadership qualities, teamwork, financial literacy, and career awareness.

Impact and Benefits

CYS programs yield significant benefits extending from individual children and families to overall military effectiveness.

Child and Youth Development Outcomes

Participation in CYS programs contributes to positive developmental outcomes:

  • Enhanced Well-being: Programs nurture the whole child, promoting emotional, physical, social, and educational well-being.
  • Skill Development: Children acquire social interaction skills, problem-solving abilities, creativity, self-discipline, leadership competencies, practical life skills, and coping mechanisms.
  • School Readiness and Academic Success: High-quality early learning curricula promote skills necessary for school success, while SAC programs support ongoing achievement.
  • Positive Social Connections: Programs offer opportunities for military children to build friendships and develop community connections, with Youth Sponsorship programs directly addressing relocation challenges.
  • Healthy Lifestyles: Emphasis on sports, fitness, and nutrition helps instill lifelong healthy habits.

Support for Family Readiness and Resilience

CYS programs provide foundational support that strengthens military families:

  • Reduced Work-Family Conflict: CYS alleviates tension between military schedules and parental responsibilities.
  • Enabling Spouse Employment: Reliable and affordable child care enables military spouses to pursue careers or education, contributing to family financial stability.
  • Increased Family Resilience: CYS provides stable environments for children, resources to ease transitions, parent education opportunities, and support networks.
  • Parental Peace of Mind: Knowing children are safe and well-cared for allows parents to focus on military duties without undue worry.

Contribution to Military Readiness and Retention

The impacts of CYS translate directly into benefits for the military institution:

  • Improved Service Member Retention: Access to affordable, high-quality child care significantly influences decisions to remain in military service.
  • Enhanced Mission Readiness: By reducing work-family conflict and parental stress, CYS directly contributes to individual and unit readiness.
  • Supporting the All-Volunteer Force: In the context of an all-volunteer military relying heavily on families, CYS is recognized as a critical investment in sustaining the force.

CYS functions as a strategic enabler for the Department of Defense. The extensive resources invested reflect understanding that supporting military families is integral to the mission, not peripheral.

Key Resources

Numerous resources help military families navigate DoD Child and Youth Services:

Centralized DoD Resources

Service-Specific Websites

Accreditation Bodies

Partner Organizations

Despite challenges with website access or navigating the process, CYS provides critical support for military families, contributing to mission readiness and family stability. By understanding the available programs and resources, military families can make the most of these valuable services designed specifically for their unique needs.

Our articles make government information more accessible. Please consult a qualified professional for financial, legal, or health advice specific to your circumstances.

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