Student Health Services

Student Health Services are programs and resources that help K-12 students access preventive care, mental health counseling, and management of chronic illnesses—often right at school. Federal and state governments work together to expand these services, recognizing that when students have access to healthcare where they spend most of their time, they’re more likely to attend school regularly, manage health conditions effectively, and thrive academically and socially.

School-Based Health Programs

Schools across America offer health services through school-based health centers, partnerships with local health organizations, and in-school clinics staffed with nurses and counselors. These services are especially important for students with Medicaid coverage, who often face greater barriers to accessing care outside of school. Since 2014, the federal government expanded Medicaid reimbursement to pay for school health services for all Medicaid-enrolled students, not just those in special education programs. As of 2023, more than two dozen states have increased access to school health services through this Medicaid funding structure, creating sustainable models for school districts nationwide.

Supporting Student Wellness

Federal agencies collaborate through the Federal Partners in School Health to help schools support student physical and mental health. Mental health is a particular focus, with federal resources like the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline available to students experiencing emotional distress. Comprehensive school health approaches address environmental factors affecting student well-being—such as school safety and supportiveness—which research shows can reduce risky behaviors and improve overall health outcomes.

Challenges and Access

Despite progress, significant inequities remain. More than half of public schools lack a full-time nurse or counselor, and fewer than 5 percent of U.S. students have access to services through a school-based health center. Schools need adequate funding to sustain health programs, which is why state Medicaid reimbursement plays a critical role. Creating effective student health services requires coordination between education and health agencies, attention to administrative efficiency, and commitment to meeting students where they are.