Coastal and Marine Waters

The federal government and coastal states work together to manage the nation’s shorelines, estuaries, and offshore waters through laws, programs, and agency partnerships that balance economic use, environmental protection, and public access (Understanding U.S. Maritime Zones: Territorial Waters vs. Exclusive Economic Zones).

State–Federal Coastal Management

Under the Coastal Zone Management Act, states design NOAA‑approved coastal programs that guide land use, habitat protection, and review of federal actions through Federal Consistency, giving states a real role in decisions like offshore development and shoreline restoration.

Water Quality and Habitat Protection

Programs to reduce runoff, restore wetlands, and protect marine wildlife are carried out by NOAA, the National Park Service, the Fish and Wildlife Service, and state partners, working together to keep coastal and marine waters healthy for communities, fisheries, and recreation.