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Completing Basic Training or Boot Camp is a big achievement, marking the transformation from civilian to Soldier, Sailor, Airman, Marine, Guardian, or Coast Guardsman. However, this foundational phase is just the beginning. The next critical step in a military career is specialized job training, where service members acquire the technical skills and knowledge necessary to perform their specific roles within their chosen branch.
This is the phase where a military career truly takes shape, laying the groundwork for contribution to the unit and the broader mission.
Decoding the Acronyms: AIT, A-School, Tech School, and MOS School
While the core purpose of post-basic training specialization is consistent across the U.S. Armed Forces – to impart job-specific skills – each branch uses its own terminology for this crucial phase. Understanding these terms is the first step in navigating the diverse landscape of military occupational training. This phase is dedicated to learning the intricacies of a specific Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) in the Army and Marine Corps, a Rating in the Navy and Coast Guard, or an Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) or Space Force Specialty Code (SFSC) in the Air Force and Space Force.
The fundamental goal remains identical across all branches: transforming a trainee with basic military skills into a technically proficient specialist ready for their first operational assignment. This universal need highlights the essential nature of this training phase in preparing personnel for the demands of modern military roles.
Here’s a breakdown of the terminology used by each service branch:
- U.S. Army: Calls this phase Advanced Individual Training (AIT). For certain MOSs, particularly combat arms, the Army utilizes One Station Unit Training (OSUT), which combines Basic Combat Training (BCT) and AIT into one continuous course at a single location.
- U.S. Navy: Refers to its job training schools as “A” School. This is often followed later in a Sailor’s career by “C” School, which provides more advanced or specialized technical training within their rating.
- U.S. Air Force: Uses the term Technical Training, often shortened to “Tech School”.
- U.S. Space Force: Currently utilizes the Air Force’s Technical Training infrastructure and terminology, commonly referred to as “Tech School”, although the development of distinct Space Force training is ongoing.
- U.S. Coast Guard: Like the Navy, designates its initial job training as “A” School. Advanced training is subsequently provided through “C” School.
- U.S. Marine Corps: Calls its job-specific training Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) School. For enlisted Marines, MOS School typically follows completion of the School of Infantry (SOI), which includes either Marine Combat Training (MCT) for non-infantry Marines or Infantry Training Battalion (ITB) for infantry Marines.
To clarify these distinctions, the following table provides a quick reference:
Table 1: Military Job Training Terminology by Branch
| Branch | Primary Term | Secondary/Related Terms | Job Designator |
|---|---|---|---|
| Army | Advanced Individual Training (AIT) | OSUT | MOS (Military Occ. Specialty) |
| Navy | “A” School | “C” School | Rating |
| Air Force | Technical Training (“Tech School”) | AFSC (Air Force Spec. Code) | |
| Space Force | Technical Training (“Tech School”) | SFSC (Space Force Spec. Code) | |
| Coast Guard | “A” School | “C” School | Rating |
| Marine Corps | Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) School | SOI (MCT/ITB) | MOS (Military Occ. Specialty) |
Inside Army Advanced Individual Training (AIT)
Following successful completion of Basic Combat Training (BCT), Army Soldiers proceed to Advanced Individual Training (AIT) to master the technical skills required for their specific Military Occupational Specialty (MOS). With over 200 distinct MOSs available, ranging from combat arms to highly technical fields like cyber operations, medical specialties, logistics, and intelligence, AIT is a critical phase in preparing Soldiers for their roles in the force.
Mapping Your Training: Common AIT Locations and OSUT
The location of a Soldier’s AIT is determined by their chosen MOS, as training is consolidated at specialized schools across the country. Soldiers travel to these locations, often via commercial flight at the Army’s expense if required, shortly after BCT graduation.
Several major Army installations serve as hubs for AIT:
- Fort Gregg-Adams, Virginia (formerly Fort Lee): A major hub for sustainment training, hosting the Quartermaster School, Ordnance School (including EOD Phase 1), and Transportation School.
- Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri: Home to the Military Police School, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) School, and the Engineer School. It conducts both AIT and OSUT for these fields.
- Fort Moore, Georgia (formerly Fort Benning): The heart of the Army’s maneuver force training, providing OSUT for Infantry and Armor MOSs.
- Fort Sill, Oklahoma: The primary location for Field Artillery and Air Defense Artillery AIT.
- Fort Huachuca, Arizona: The location of the U.S. Army Intelligence Center of Excellence.
- Fort Sam Houston, Texas (Joint Base San Antonio): Hosts the Medical Education and Training Campus (METC), providing training for Army medical MOSs alongside Navy and Air Force counterparts.
- Fort Eisenhower, Georgia (formerly Fort Gordon): Home to the Cyber Center of Excellence and the Signal School.
- Joint Base Langley-Eustis, Virginia: Hosts elements of the Transportation School, particularly focused on maritime and aviation operations.
For certain MOSs, the Army employs One Station Unit Training (OSUT). This model integrates BCT and AIT seamlessly at one location, with the same instructors and cohort of trainees progressing through both phases together. This approach is common for MOSs like Infantry (22 weeks at Fort Moore), Military Police, Combat Engineers, Cavalry Scouts, and Tank Crewmen.
Combining these phases streamlines the training pipeline, eliminating the need for Soldiers to relocate between BCT and AIT sites. This not only enhances logistical efficiency by reducing travel time and costs but also potentially fosters stronger unit cohesion, as trainees build bonds over a longer, continuous training period under consistent leadership – a factor particularly valuable in combat-related fields.
Table 2: Major Army AIT/OSUT Locations and Sample MOS Fields
| Location | State | Sample MOS/Schools | Training Type (AIT/OSUT) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fort Gregg-Adams (formerly Lee) | VA | Quartermaster, Ordnance, Transportation, EOD (Phase 1) | AIT |
| Fort Leonard Wood | MO | Military Police, Chemical (CBRN), Engineer | AIT & OSUT |
| Fort Moore (formerly Benning) | GA | Infantry, Armor | OSUT |
| Fort Sill | OK | Field Artillery, Air Defense Artillery | AIT |
| Fort Huachuca | AZ | Intelligence | AIT |
| Fort Sam Houston (JBSA) | TX | Medical MOSs | AIT |
| Fort Eisenhower (formerly Gordon) | GA | Signal Corps, Cyber | AIT |
| Joint Base Langley-Eustis | VA | Transportation (Maritime, Aviation) | AIT |
| Fort Jackson | SC | Adjutant General, Financial Management (also BCT site) | AIT |
| Eglin AFB | FL | Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD – Phase 2) | AIT |
Time Commitment: AIT Duration and Influencing Factors
The length of AIT varies considerably, directly correlating with the complexity of the MOS being taught. Courses can range from as short as four weeks to as long as 52 weeks, with highly specialized fields like foreign language training potentially extending even further. The duration is determined by the amount of time needed to develop the specific technical skills and knowledge required for a Soldier to be proficient upon arrival at their first unit.
Life in Army AIT: Daily Routines, Rules, and Earning Privileges
While the primary focus shifts to technical learning, AIT retains much of the structure and discipline of BCT, especially initially. The daily schedule is rigorous, typically involving early wake-ups, physical training (PT), formations, MOS-specific classes, meals at the Dining Facility (DFAC), potential duty rosters, and evening study or personal time before lights out.
Soldiers reside in barracks, often sharing rooms, and are responsible for maintaining cleanliness and order. Continuous assessment of physical fitness (using the Army Combat Fitness Test, ACFT) and weapons proficiency continues.
A key feature of AIT life is the phased system, which gradually grants Soldiers more privileges and autonomy as they demonstrate maturity, responsibility, and adherence to standards. This system acts as a controlled transition, allowing the Army to build trust and verify a Soldier’s readiness for the increased freedom they will experience at their permanent duty station.
- Phase IV: Typically encompasses the first three weeks. Privileges are limited but may include increased phone time and potential on-base weekend liberty.
- Phase V: The duration varies greatly depending on MOS length. Soldiers in Phase V may earn off-base liberty passes, the ability to wear civilian clothes off-duty, use personal electronic devices more freely, and potentially receive overnight weekend passes, though often with mileage restrictions (e.g., within 50 miles of the base).
- Phase V+: Awarded after a set period of good conduct in Phase V. May include further privileges like walking around base without a battle buddy, consuming alcohol off-duty on weekends (if 21 or older), and staying off-post overnight on weekends.
It is crucial to understand that these privileges are earned, not guaranteed, and depend on satisfactory performance, time in training, and maintaining Army standards. Unit commanders have the final say on specific liberty policies, which can vary between AIT schools. Weekend passes follow this phased progression, starting with on-base liberty and potentially advancing to off-base and overnight passes in later phases. Family members planning visits should always confirm visitor allowance and liberty status with their Soldier beforehand, as schedules can change.
Learning the Ropes: AIT Curriculum and Graduation Standards
AIT curriculum is designed to provide the specialized knowledge and practical skills needed for a specific MOS. Training typically involves a blend of classroom instruction, hands-on laboratory work, and field training exercises, emphasizing practical application. For example, Signal Corps training (25H) involves extensive work with simulations (JNN, TCN, HCLOS) followed by hands-on training with equipment like TRILOS, T2C2, STT, and SMART-T, culminating in field exercises (FTX).
Some Ordnance School courses have adopted Skills-Based Training (SBT), moving away from lecture-heavy formats towards more hands-on diagnostics, troubleshooting, and problem-solving based on real-world scenarios. This approach aims to develop critical thinking and adaptability, enabling Soldiers to diagnose system faults rather than just replace parts.
Graduation from AIT signifies that a Soldier has met the required standards and is qualified in their MOS. Requirements generally include passing all academic tests and hands-on evaluations, meeting physical fitness standards (ACFT), maintaining disciplinary standards, and completing all course modules. Specific graduation criteria are outlined in U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) regulations, such as TR 350-6. Successful completion often translates into recommended college credits documented through the Joint Services Transcript (JST) and evaluated by the American Council on Education (ACE).
The AIT graduation ceremony is typically a smaller, less formal event than BCT graduation, often lasting about 30 minutes. Following the ceremony, Soldiers complete out-processing procedures before usually taking a short period of leave (often 10 days) and then reporting to their first Permanent Duty Assignment (PDA).
Official Army Resources for AIT Information
For prospective recruits and families seeking more details, the following official resources are available:
- GoArmy.com (Official Recruiting Site): Provides overviews of AIT, MOS options, and training schools.
- Army.mil (Official Army Homepage): The main portal for Army news, information, and links to various commands.
- Army University Course Catalog: Offers detailed information on specific Army courses.
- TRADOC Publications: Contains official regulations governing training standards (search for TR 350-6).
- Joint Services Transcript (JST): Access official military transcripts and college credit recommendations.
- ACE Military Guide: Provides details on ACE credit recommendations for military training.
Navigating Navy and Coast Guard “A” School
For those joining the sea services, the training phase following boot camp is known as “A” School. Both the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard utilize this term for the initial, basic technical training required for an enlisted member’s specific job specialty, known as a Rating. “A” School provides the foundational knowledge and practical skills necessary to perform entry-level duties in the fleet or ashore.
It’s important to recognize that “A” School is often just the first step in a continuous technical training pipeline within the Navy and Coast Guard. Unlike some models where initial job training covers the bulk of formal schooling, the sea services frequently utilize subsequent “C” Schools for advanced or specialized training later in a service member’s career. This structure embeds a career-long learning model from the outset, with “A” School providing the essential groundwork upon which further expertise is built.
Where Sailors and Coasties Train: Major Navy and Coast Guard A-School Hubs
The location of “A” School depends entirely on the Sailor’s or Coast Guardsman’s chosen Rating. Training is centralized at various bases and training centers specializing in particular career fields.
Navy “A” School Locations: The Navy operates numerous “A” Schools across the United States. Major training hubs include:
- Naval Station Great Lakes, Illinois: The Navy’s largest training center, hosting “A” Schools for numerous surface ratings such as Boatswain’s Mate (BM), Electrician’s Mate (EM), Fire Controlman (FC, now part of AEGIS Fire Controlman), Gunner’s Mate (GM), Hull Maintenance Technician (HT), Interior Communications Electrician (IC), Information Systems Technician (IT), Machinist’s Mate (MM), Operations Specialist (OS), and Quartermaster (QM).
- Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida: A primary center for aviation ratings, cryptologic technician ratings (CTN, CTI, CTR, CTT), and Information Systems Technician (IT) training.
- Naval Base San Diego, California: Hosts training for ratings like Sonar Technician (Surface) (STG) and potentially others related to surface warfare and mine countermeasures.
- Naval Submarine Base New London, Groton, Connecticut: Home of the Navy’s Submarine School, training personnel for various submarine ratings.
- Naval Base Ventura County, Port Hueneme, California: Location for the Naval Construction Training Center, training Seabees in construction ratings (BU, CE, CM, EA, EO, SW, UT).
- Fort Meade, Maryland: A joint environment where Navy personnel train in cryptology and intelligence fields alongside other services.
- Joint Base San Antonio – Lackland, Texas: Location for Master-at-Arms (MA) “A” School.
- Naval Station Newport, Rhode Island: Hosts the Surface Warfare Officers School Command and the Navy Supply Corps School.
Coast Guard “A” School Locations: The Coast Guard concentrates its “A” School training primarily at its dedicated Training Centers (TRACENs):
- TRACEN Yorktown, Virginia: Offers “A” Schools for ratings including Damage Controlman (DC), Electrician’s Mate (EM), Gunner’s Mate (GM), Intelligence Specialist (IS), Machinery Technician (MK), and Marine Science Technician (MST).
- TRACEN Petaluma, California: Hosts “A” Schools for Culinary Specialist (CS), Electronics Technician (ET), Health Services Technician (HS), Information Systems Technician (IT), Operations Specialist (OS), Storekeeper (SK, now merging into CS and YN), and Yeoman (YN).
- Aviation Technical Training Center (ATTC) Elizabeth City, North Carolina: Specializes in training for aviation ratings: Aviation Maintenance Technician (AMT), Avionics Electrical Technician (AET), and Aviation Survival Technician (AST).
- TRACEN Cape May, New Jersey: Primarily the Coast Guard’s boot camp location, but may host some specialized training.
Table 3: Major Navy & Coast Guard “A” School Locations and Sample Ratings
| Branch | Location | State | Sample Ratings Trained |
|---|---|---|---|
| Navy | NS Great Lakes | IL | BM, EM, FC, GM, HT, IC, IT, MM, OS, QM, ET |
| Navy | NAS Pensacola | FL | Aviation Ratings (AD, AE, AM, AO, AT, AZ, PR), CT Ratings (CTI, CTM, CTN, CTR, CTT), IT |
| Navy | NB San Diego | CA | Sonar Technician (STG), Mine Warfare (MN) |
| Navy | NSB New London | CT | Submarine Ratings (ETR, ETV, FT, ITS, MMA, STS, TM) |
| Navy | NB Ventura County (Port Hueneme) | CA | Seabee Ratings (BU, CE, CM, EA, EO, SW, UT) |
| Navy | Fort Meade | MD | CT Ratings, Intelligence Specialist (IS) |
| Navy | JBSA-Lackland | TX | Master-at-Arms (MA) |
| Navy | NS Newport | RI | Supply Corps (Officer), Surface Warfare (Officer) |
| Coast Guard | TRACEN Yorktown | VA | DC, EM, GM, IS, MK, MST |
| Coast Guard | TRACEN Petaluma | CA | CS, ET, HS, IT, OS, SK, YN |
| Coast Guard | ATTC Elizabeth City | NC | Aviation Ratings (AET, AMT, AST) |
(Note: Rating availability at locations may change based on current Navy/CG needs and training structure updates.)
Course Length: How Long is Navy/CG A-School?
Similar to the Army, the duration of Navy and Coast Guard “A” Schools varies significantly based on the technical complexity of the Rating. Navy courses can range from roughly 4 weeks to over 50 weeks. Examples include Culinary Specialist (approx. 7 weeks), Information Systems Technician (approx. 12 weeks), Aviation Boatswain’s Mate (approx. 13 weeks), Cryptologic Technician (approx. 17 weeks), and Sonar Technician (approx. 18 weeks).
Some highly technical ratings, like those in the Nuclear Field or Advanced Electronics Field, require longer training pipelines and correspondingly longer initial enlistment commitments (e.g., 6 years vs. 4 years for less technical rates).
Coast Guard “A” School examples include Operations Specialist (10 weeks), Intelligence Specialist (14 weeks), and Damage Controlman (nearly 15 weeks). Factors influencing course length include the depth of knowledge required, the amount of hands-on practice needed, the capacity of the training facility, and sometimes the individual student’s pace in competency-based programs. Recent Navy initiatives have aimed to streamline some “A” School curricula to focus on skills essential for a Sailor’s first tour, potentially shortening some courses to get personnel to the fleet faster.
The Sailor’s/Coastie’s Day: A-School Regulations, Daily Life, and Liberty Policies
Life at “A” School represents a transition from the highly restrictive environment of boot camp towards the responsibilities of fleet life. While more freedoms are granted, it remains a structured training environment where military bearing, uniform standards, physical fitness, and academic performance are paramount.
Daily life typically involves early muster, physical training, classes (both classroom and hands-on labs), meals, study periods, maintaining living quarters (barracks, often shared rooms), and potentially standing watch. Students are issued linens upon arrival and are responsible for their upkeep. Barracks regulations cover cleanliness, authorized items, and conduct.
Liberty (authorized time off, typically evenings and weekends) is granted based on performance and progression through training phases, similar to the Army’s AIT system. This phased approach serves as a controlled mechanism to gradually increase autonomy while maintaining accountability.
- Initial Phase (e.g., first 3 weeks): Liberty is usually restricted to the base, often with a strict curfew. Civilian clothing use might be limited to the barracks room.
- Intermediate Phase: Off-base liberty may be earned, allowing students to leave the installation during specified hours (usually daytime on weekends). Civilian clothes are typically permitted off-base. A liberty buddy (another service member) is often required to leave base.
- Final Phase: Privileges may expand to include overnight liberty on weekends, potentially with increased distance limits, though still often requiring a liberty buddy.
Liberty is considered a privilege granted by the commanding officer and can be modified or revoked based on individual or group performance or conduct. Students assigned duty (watchstanding or other responsibilities) will have their liberty restricted on those days. Leave (paid vacation time) is generally not authorized during “A” School, although commands might grant block leave during extended holiday periods like Christmas if the school schedule permits.
Training Methods: Learning Your Navy or Coast Guard Job
“A” School training focuses on providing the specific technical competencies required for each Rating. The curriculum blends theoretical knowledge gained through classroom instruction with practical skills developed via hands-on labs, simulators, and exercises using actual equipment where possible.
Examples of training content include navigation, ship handling, firefighting, damage control, weapons systems, and tactical maneuvering for Navy surface ratings. Coast Guard training emphasizes maritime law enforcement procedures, search and rescue techniques, small boat handling, aids to navigation maintenance, and emergency response.
Specific rating schools delve deeper: Damage Controlman school involves welding, carpentry, pipefitting, and CBRN defense; Operations Specialist school covers plotting, communications procedures, and managing geographic displays. Curricula are regularly updated to reflect current fleet technology and operational needs.
Official Navy & Coast Guard Resources for A-School Information
- Navy.com (Official Recruiting Site): General information on Navy life, careers, and training.
- Navy.mil (Official Navy Homepage): Portal for official Navy news and links to commands.
- Naval Education and Training Command (NETC): Oversees all Navy training, including “A” Schools.
- MyNavy HR: Portal for Navy personnel information, including career and training details.
- GoCoastGuard.com (Official Recruiting Site): Information on Coast Guard careers and joining process.
- USCG.mil (Official CG Homepage): Main source for Coast Guard information.
- USCG Force Readiness Command (FORCECOM): Oversees Coast Guard training, including TRACENs and “A” Schools.
Air Force and Space Force Technical Training (Tech School)
Upon graduating from Basic Military Training (BMT), Airmen of the U.S. Air Force and Guardians of the U.S. Space Force embark on the next stage of their development: Technical Training, commonly known as Tech School. This critical phase is where they acquire the specialized knowledge and hands-on skills required to perform effectively in their assigned Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) or Space Force Specialty Code (SFSC). Tech School builds upon the foundation of Airmanship established in BMT, focusing intently on occupational proficiency.
Tech School Geography: Primary Training Locations
Technical Training is primarily conducted at a handful of bases under the direction of Air Education and Training Command (AETC). Each installation specializes in training for specific career fields:
- Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA)-Lackland, Texas: Co-located with BMT, it hosts various tech schools.
- JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Texas: Primarily focuses on medical AFSCs, leveraging the joint training environment of the Medical Education and Training Campus (METC).
- Sheppard AFB, Texas: A major training hub for aircraft maintenance, logistics, and civil engineering specialties.
- Goodfellow AFB, Texas: Specializes in intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (ISR), and firefighting training.
- Keesler AFB, Mississippi: The primary center for cyber operations, electronics principles, weather forecasting, personnel management, and air traffic control training.
- Vandenberg SFB, California: A key location for space operations training, serving both Air Force and Space Force personnel.
Highly trained instructors lead courses across this network, covering a vast array of specialties essential to air and space power.
Table 4: Major AF/SF Tech School Locations and Sample Specialties
| Location | State | Sample Specialties Trained |
|---|---|---|
| JBSA-Lackland | TX | Security Forces, Pararescue, Combat Control, Special Reconnaissance, TACP, EOD |
| JBSA-Fort Sam Houston | TX | Medical Services (various AFSCs) |
| Sheppard AFB | TX | Aircraft Maintenance (various systems), Civil Engineering, Logistics, Fuels, Vehicle Maint. |
| Goodfellow AFB | TX | Intelligence (various disciplines), Fire Protection |
| Keesler AFB | MS | Cyber Operations, Network Systems, Radar Systems, Air Traffic Control, Weather, Personnel |
| Vandenberg SFB | CA | Space Systems Operations, Missile Maintenance |
(Note: This table provides examples; specific AFSC/SFSC training locations can change.)
Duration Deep Dive: Tech School Course Lengths
The time spent in Tech School varies dramatically depending on the complexity and technical demands of the chosen AFSC or SFSC. Courses can range from approximately six weeks to as long as 72 weeks (over a year). For instance, administrative or support roles might have shorter training pipelines, while highly technical fields like linguistics, cyber warfare, or advanced aircraft maintenance require significantly longer periods of instruction.
Life as a Tech School Trainee: Schedules, Phases, and Base Rules
Tech School life is characterized by a structured routine focused on learning. The typical schedule involves approximately eight hours of classroom instruction or hands-on training per day, Monday through Friday. Evenings often include mandatory study periods, alongside time for personal tasks such as meals, physical fitness, laundry, and dorm maintenance.
Similar to other branches’ training programs, Air Force Tech Schools utilize a Phase Program to manage trainee privileges and responsibilities, gradually increasing freedom as Airmen demonstrate maturity and adherence to standards. While specifics vary by location, a typical progression involves:
- Phase I (Initial Training Phase – ITP): Usually the first two weeks. This phase is the most restrictive, mirroring BMT conditions closely. Trainees must remain in uniform at all times when outside their dorm, cannot leave the base, and have limited visitor interaction (restricted to public areas on base during specific hours). Use of personal vehicles is generally prohibited.
- Phase II (Advanced Training Phase – ATP): Begins after successfully meeting Phase I requirements (e.g., passing room and uniform inspections, typically around week 3-4). Trainees earn more privileges, such as being allowed off base (initially in uniform, later in civilian clothes) and potentially relaxed curfews on non-school nights.
- Phase III: Represents further progression, granting more freedoms similar to those of permanent party personnel, potentially including overnight off-base privileges on weekends if all local requirements are met.
Dormitory life involves shared rooms (typically 2-3 trainees per room) that must be maintained to strict standards of cleanliness and order. Personal items like televisions, computers, and gaming consoles are generally permitted, but must be secured when the trainee is not present. Internet access usually requires a personal subscription. A list of prohibited items typically includes alcohol, firearms (including realistic replicas), large knives, pets, cooking appliances, and flammable materials like candles or incense. Military Training Leaders (MTLs) are assigned to supervise trainees, provide guidance, and enforce standards. Some bases also have a student leadership structure, often identified by colored ropes worn on the uniform (“ropes”).
The Learning Zone: Tech School Environment and Evaluation
The Tech School learning environment emphasizes a combination of academic classroom instruction and intensive, hands-on training using real-world equipment and simulators whenever possible. The goal is to ensure graduates are proficient in the core tasks of their AFSC/SFSC. Beyond technical skills, Tech School continues to reinforce military discipline, time management, and teamwork.
A distinctive feature of Air Force technical training is its direct link to higher education. Airmen are automatically enrolled in the Community College of the Air Force (CCAF) upon entering Tech School, and the training courses they complete earn transferable college credits toward an Associate in Applied Science degree specific to their career field. This integration underscores the value the Air Force places on formal education alongside technical competence, serving as both a developmental tool and a recruiting incentive.
Evaluation in Tech School involves regular testing on both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Performance is measured against standards detailed in the Career Field Education and Training Plan (CFETP) for each specialty. Depending on the AFSC, assessment might follow a traditional proficiency level model or a newer competency-based approach focusing on observable behaviors and mastery of learning objectives. Various standardized tests, managed under the Personnel Assessment Program, are also used for initial classification, language aptitude (DLAB), and proficiency (DLPT).
Guardians at Tech School: Space Force Training Integration
As the newest branch, the U.S. Space Force currently leverages the established Air Force training infrastructure. Enlisted Guardians attend Air Force BMT (with some tailored Space Force curriculum elements) and then proceed to Air Force Tech Schools alongside Airmen for their job-specific training. While much of the training overlaps, particularly in shared fields like cyber and intelligence, efforts are made to incorporate USSF-specific content.
However, this integrated model presents a challenge in forging a distinct Guardian identity and ensuring training is fully optimized for the unique demands of the space domain. Consequently, Space Force leadership is actively exploring options for the future, including potentially establishing a separate Space Force BMT and developing more space-centric Tech School curricula, or even separate schools entirely. This reflects a strategic effort to balance the efficiency of using existing resources with the long-term need to cultivate a specialized and culturally distinct Guardian force. Locations like Vandenberg SFB are already central to space-related training.
Official Air Force & Space Force Resources for Tech School Information
- AirForce.com (Official Recruiting Site): Provides overviews of careers, training, and benefits.
- AF.mil (Official AF Homepage): Main portal for Air Force news and information.
- Air Education and Training Command (AETC): Oversees BMT and Technical Training.
- SpaceForce.com (Official Recruiting Site): Information on joining the Space Force.
- SpaceForce.mil (Official SF Homepage): Main portal for Space Force news and information.
- Community College of the Air Force (CCAF): Information on associate degrees earned through training.
Forging Marines: Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) School
For United States Marines, the journey to occupational proficiency follows a unique path deeply rooted in the Corps’ identity. After graduating from the rigors of Recruit Training (Boot Camp), all enlisted Marines proceed to the School of Infantry (SOI). This phase is a critical distinction in the Marine training pipeline, designed to instill fundamental combat skills in every Marine, regardless of their ultimate job. It tangibly reinforces the core principle that “Every Marine is a Rifleman”. Only after completing SOI do Marines move on to their specific Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) School to learn the technical aspects of their chosen career field.
The Foundation: School of Infantry (SOI) – ITB vs. MCT
Located at Camp Geiger (SOI-East) in North Carolina and Camp Pendleton (SOI-West) in California, SOI provides the essential infantry skills training. The specific course attended depends on the Marine’s designated MOS:
- Infantry Training Battalion (ITB): Marines assigned an Infantry MOS (03xx field) attend ITB. This course, lasting approximately 52 to 59 days (sources vary slightly), focuses on advanced infantry tactics, marksmanship, patrolling, demolitions, land navigation, and countering improvised explosive devices (IEDs), preparing them for direct combat roles. Upon graduating ITB, these infantry Marines typically proceed directly to their first Permanent Duty Station (PDS) in the operating forces.
- Marine Combat Training (MCT): All non-infantry Marines attend MCT, a 29-day course. MCT provides foundational combat skills, including marksmanship, combat formations, patrolling, and other essential battlefield tasks, ensuring every Marine possesses a baseline level of combat effectiveness. After graduating MCT, these Marines then move on to their respective MOS Schools.
This mandatory SOI phase, preceding specialized job training for the majority of Marines, underscores the Marine Corps’ emphasis on universal warfighting skills as the bedrock of its identity.
Pinpointing Your School: Marine MOS School Locations
Marine MOS Schools are geographically dispersed across numerous military installations throughout the United States, with the specific location determined by the MOS. Unlike other branches that often consolidate training at large centers, Marine MOS training frequently occurs at Marine Corps detachments hosted on Army, Navy, or Air Force bases, in addition to Marine Corps bases.
Examples of MOS school locations and the types of fields trained there include:
- Camp Lejeune / Camp Johnson, North Carolina: Logistics, Personnel Administration, Financial Management, Supply, Motor Transport, Utilities, Combat Engineer.
- Camp Pendleton, California: Assault Amphibious Vehicle (AAV/ACV), Aircraft Maintenance.
- MCAGCC Twentynine Palms, California: Communications (Radio, Satellite, Data), Electronics Maintenance, Air Command & Control.
- NAS Pensacola, Florida: Aviation Electronics, Maintenance, and related fields.
- Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri (Army Base): Engineer Equipment Operator/Mechanic, Motor Transport Operator, Military Police, Corrections, Chemical/Biological/Radiological/Nuclear (CBRN) Defense.
- Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland (Army Base): Ordnance (Small Arms Repair, Artillery Mechanic), Metal Worker, Utilities.
- Fort Sill, Oklahoma (Army Base): Field Artillery (Cannoneer, Fire Direction Control, etc.).
- Keesler AFB, Mississippi (Air Force Base): Weather Observer, Aviation Meteorological Equipment Repair, Electronics Test Equipment Technician.
- Fort Gregg-Adams, Virginia (Army Base – formerly Fort Lee): Food Service Specialist, Bulk Fuel Specialist.
- MCB Quantico, Virginia: The Basic School (TBS) for newly commissioned officers, Senior Enlisted Academies.
- Defense Language Institute, Monterey, California: Cryptologic Linguist training.
Table 5: Sample Marine Corps MOS School Locations and MOS Fields
| Location | State | Branch Host (If not USMC) | Sample MOS Fields Trained |
|---|---|---|---|
| Camp Lejeune/Johnson | NC | Logistics, Admin, Finance, Supply, Motor T, Engineer, Utilities | |
| Camp Pendleton | CA | AAV/ACV Crew/Mechanic, Aircraft Maintenance | |
| MCAGCC Twentynine Palms | CA | Communications, Electronics, Data Systems, Air Control | |
| NAS Pensacola | FL | Navy | Aviation Electronics/Maintenance |
| Fort Leonard Wood | MO | Army | Engineer Equip, Motor T, MP, Corrections, CBRN |
| Aberdeen Proving Ground | MD | Army | Ordnance Repair, Metal Worker |
| Fort Sill | OK | Army | Field Artillery |
| Keesler AFB | MS | Air Force | Weather, Electronics Repair |
| Fort Gregg-Adams (formerly Lee) | VA | Army | Food Service, Bulk Fuel |
| MCB Quantico | VA | Officer Basic Training (TBS), Senior Enlisted PME | |
| DLI Monterey | CA | Joint | Cryptologic Linguist |
| Goodfellow AFB | TX | Air Force | Imagery Analysis, Airfield Services |
| Fort Meade | MD | Army | Public Affairs, Combat Camera |
(Note: This table provides examples; specific MOS training locations are subject to change based on Marine Corps requirements.)
Time in Training: MOS School Durations
The duration of Marine MOS schools varies significantly based on the technical complexity of the specialty. While specific lengths for most enlisted schools are not detailed in the provided materials, Officer MOS schools following The Basic School (TBS) can range from six weeks to as long as 24 months. It is reasonable to assume a similar wide variation exists for enlisted MOS training.
A practical consideration for Marines and their families is the potential for delays in starting MOS school after completing MCT. Due to factors like instructor availability, limited class seats (especially at schools hosted by other branches), or training backlogs, Marines may experience a “log jam” or waiting period. During this time, they might be assigned temporary duties, such as camp guard at SOI, while awaiting an opening at their designated school. Managing expectations regarding the training timeline is important, as the transition from SOI to MOS school is not always immediate.
The Marine Standard: Daily Life, Field Training, and Expectations in MOS School
MOS School continues the demanding, disciplined environment characteristic of the Marine Corps, shifting the focus toward mastering a specific occupational skill set. Daily life likely involves a structured schedule including physical training, classroom instruction, extensive hands-on practice, field exercises (especially for combat support and combat service support MOSs), inspections, and adherence to rigorous standards. Officer training at TBS, for example, involves intensive academics, leadership evaluations, and frequent, demanding field exercises.
Field training remains a significant component, building upon the combat skills learned at SOI. High standards of physical fitness, as measured by the Physical Fitness Test (PFT) and Combat Fitness Test (CFT), are maintained throughout a Marine’s career, including during MOS school. The PFT assesses stamina with pull-ups/push-ups, planks, and a 3-mile run, while the CFT evaluates functional combat fitness through drills like Movement to Contact (sprint), Ammunition Lifts, and Maneuver Under Fire (obstacle course with simulated combat tasks). Discipline, professional knowledge, leadership traits (such as Judgment, Justice, Decisiveness, Integrity, Dependability, Tact, Initiative, Enthusiasm, Bearing, Unselfishness, Courage, Knowledge, Loyalty, Endurance), and the Marine Corps core values of Honor, Courage, and Commitment remain central tenets.
Official Marine Corps Resources for MOS School Information
- Marines.com (Official Recruiting Site): Offers information on Marine life, MOS fields, and training pathways.
- Marines.mil (Official USMC Homepage): The main portal for official Marine Corps news and information.
- Training and Education Command (TECOM): Oversees Marine Corps training standards and schools.
- School of Infantry East/West Websites: Provides information specific to SOI training.
- The Basic School (TBS) Website (Officers): Information for newly commissioned officers attending TBS.
Clearing Up Common Questions About Military Job Training
Embarking on military job training after basic raises many questions for recruits and their families. Understanding the day-to-day realities, rules, and potential challenges can help ease the transition. Here are answers to some frequently asked questions, integrating common search terms potential recruits might use:
What is AIT/A-School/Tech School/MOS School really like?
Life during job training is highly structured, though generally less restrictive than basic training/boot camp. Expect early mornings, daily physical training (PT), formations, and a full day of classes focused on your specific job. These classes mix classroom learning with extensive hands-on practice. Evenings typically involve mandatory study time, personal chores like laundry, maintaining your barracks room (which is often shared), eating dinner (usually at a dining facility or galley), and some personal time before lights out/bed checks. Discipline, uniform standards, and military customs remain strictly enforced. While the intensity might feel slightly less than basic training, it is still a demanding environment focused on professional development.
Can family visit? What about leave and weekend passes?
Family visits are generally permitted, but policies vary significantly by branch, school, and the trainee’s progress (phase). AIT phases and Tech School privileges often dictate visitor rules.
- Initial Weeks (Phase I/IV): Visits might be restricted to on-base locations during specific hours, and the trainee may have to remain in uniform. Overnight stays are usually not allowed. Dorm room access for visitors is typically prohibited without special permission.
- Later Phases (Phase II/III/V/V+): As trainees progress and earn privileges, rules relax. Off-base visits, wearing civilian clothes off-duty, and potentially overnight stays (especially on weekends) become possible.
Liberty vs. Leave: It’s crucial to understand the difference. Liberty refers to short periods of authorized absence from duty, like evenings or weekends, often governed by the phase system and A school liberty policy. Leave is authorized absence similar to vacation time, earned over time. Leave is generally not granted during job training, except potentially for command-approved block leave periods during major holidays (like a Christmas Exodus). AIT weekend passes or similar liberty are privileges, not rights, and depend on performance and command discretion. Trainees typically do get leave after graduating job school, before reporting to their first duty station.
Always Confirm: Before making travel plans, family members should always confirm the specific visitor policies and the trainee’s current liberty status with the trainee.
What happens if I don’t pass? (“Can you fail AIT/A-School/Tech School/MOS School?”)
Yes, it is possible to fail military job training. Failure can result from not meeting academic standards (failing tests), inability to meet physical fitness requirements, or disciplinary issues. The consequences depend on the circumstances and the specific school/branch:
- Remediation/Setback: Often, the first step involves remedial training or being “set back” (or “rolled back”) to repeat a portion of the course or join a later class, especially if the trainee demonstrated effort. Commands generally provide opportunities to succeed before declaring a student a failure.
- Reclassification: If a trainee is ultimately unable to pass, they may be reclassified into a different MOS, Rating, or AFSC. This new assignment is typically based on the “needs of the service” and the trainee’s aptitude scores (ASVAB). If the failure was due to academic reasons, the trainee might have some input on the new job, but if it was due to misconduct, they likely will not.
- Undesignated/Separation: In some cases, particularly in the Navy or Coast Guard after failing a demanding school or multiple attempts, a trainee might be assigned to an “undesignated” status, meaning they don’t have a specific rating. In severe cases or for certain reasons (like disciplinary issues or failure to adapt), failing job training could lead to administrative separation from the military.
Can I bring my car, laptop, or gaming console?
Policies on personal items vary:
- Personal Vehicles (POVs): Often restricted, especially in initial phases. Bringing a car may require command approval, and parking can be limited. Some schools explicitly discourage or prohibit POVs initially. Check the specific school’s policy.
- Electronics (Laptops, Game Consoles, TVs): Generally allowed in the barracks/dorms across most branches during job training. Tech school dorm rules require that valuables like these be secured (e.g., in provided wall lockers) when the owner is not present. Trainees usually need to purchase their own internet service if they want it in their room.
- Prohibited Items: Items typically banned from dorms include alcohol, firearms (including airsoft/paintball guns), fireworks, large knives, pets, personal cooking appliances (hot plates, coffee pots), and candles/incense.
Understanding these common aspects of military job training after basic can help set realistic expectations for this challenging but rewarding phase of a military career. Remember that specific rules can differ, so trainees should always seek clarification from their instructors or Military Training Leaders (MTLs).
Graduation and Beyond: Receiving Your First Duty Station Assignment
Successfully completing AIT, “A” School, Tech School, or MOS School is a significant milestone. It marks the transition from trainee to a qualified technician, operator, or specialist, ready to join the operational forces and contribute to the mission. Graduation signifies proficiency in a specific military job.
Orders in Hand: How First Duty Stations Are Determined
The process of receiving orders for the first duty station assignment typically happens during the latter part of the job training period. The exact timing can vary; Airmen might receive their assignment notification 3-4 weeks into Tech School or closer to graduation, while Soldiers might find out only a week before AIT graduation. Marines receive their Permanent Duty Station (PDS) assignment after completing their required training pipeline (SOI and/or MOS school).
The assignment process is a complex balancing act, primarily driven by one overarching factor:
- Needs of the Service: This is the most critical determinant. The military must place personnel where their specific skills (MOS, Rating, AFSC/SFSC) are required to fulfill mission requirements globally. If a particular unit needs an aircraft mechanic or a cryptologic technician, qualified graduates will be assigned there, regardless of personal preference.
While the needs of the service are paramount, individual preferences are solicited and considered:
- Service Member Preferences (“Dream Sheet”): During training, recruits usually have the opportunity to submit a list of desired duty locations – often ranking preferences for stateside bases, overseas locations, specific states, regions, or countries. The services attempt to match these preferences with available openings whenever possible, but there is absolutely no guarantee.
Other factors can sometimes play a role:
- Academic Performance: In some instances, particularly in the Navy and potentially Air Force, top graduates in a class may be given priority selection from the list of available assignments for their specific job.
- Job Specialty: The specific MOS/Rating/AFSC inherently limits the possible duty stations, as not all jobs exist at every base.
- Billet Availability: There must be an actual open position (billet) for the service member’s rank and job specialty at the potential duty station.
- Assignment Swaps: Occasionally, classmates graduating at the same time might be allowed to swap assignments if they mutually agree and meet eligibility criteria.
It is vital for service members and their families to manage expectations regarding the first duty station assignment. The “dream sheet” provides input, but the military’s operational requirements ultimately dictate the final assignment. Viewing the assignment as part of the commitment to serve, rather than a guaranteed choice, helps frame the process realistically. The assignment received is typically a Permanent Change of Station (PCS) to a Permanent Duty Station (PDS or PDA), where the service member will live and work for the next two to four years, on average.
Reporting to Your First Unit
After graduating from job training, service members are usually granted a period of leave (often 10 days, sometimes more for overseas assignments) before they must report to their new unit. This provides time to travel, move belongings, and visit family before starting their operational career. Check-in procedures vary by installation and unit, and specific instructions will be provided with the official orders.
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